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H3+ towards and within the Galactic centre.

¹Gemini Observatory, Hilo, HI 96720, USA. tgeballe@gemini.edu

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences

|October 4, 2006

Summary

Researchers detected abundant warm, diffuse gas containing hydrogen ions (H3+) near the Galactic center. This finding suggests a significantly higher ionization rate in this region compared to previously predicted levels.

Area of Science:

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrochemistry
Spectroscopy

Background:

High-resolution infrared spectroscopy reveals molecular gas composition.
Hydrogen ions (H3+) are key tracers of interstellar gas ionization.
The Galactic center harbors complex and extreme environments.

Purpose of the Study:

To detect and characterize H3+ in various clouds along the line of sight to the Galactic center.
To investigate the physical conditions (temperature, density) of gas in the central few hundred parsecs.
To determine the ionization rate in the Galactic center environment.

Main Methods:

Utilized high-resolution infrared spectroscopy of bright infrared sources.
Analyzed H3+ absorption lines, including a specific line at 3.53 micrometers from a metastable rotational level.

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Cross-referenced with CO (carbon monoxide) spectral lines to characterize clouds.

Main Results:

Detected H3+ in numerous dense and diffuse clouds across 8000 parsecs.
Identified a large, previously undetected reservoir of warm (approx. 250 K) and diffuse (approx. 100 cm^-2) gas within a few hundred parsecs of the Galactic center.
Observed a unique H3+ absorption line in the Galactic center, absent in extragalactic clouds.

Conclusions:

The high abundance of H3+ indicates an ionization rate several times greater than in diffuse clouds outside the Galactic center.
The ionization rate in the central few hundred parsecs is nearly two orders of magnitude higher than predicted.
This suggests unique energetic processes or sources in the Galactic center region.