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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
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When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
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When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopic Identification of Dispersant/Particle Bonding Mechanisms in Functional Inks
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Infrared diffuse interstellar bands in the Galactic Centre region.

T R Geballe1, F Najarro, D F Figer

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Researchers discovered 13 new diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) in the Galactic Centre. These cosmic absorption features, likely carbon-based molecules, appear in a harsher environment than previously observed DIBs.

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Area of Science:

  • Astronomy
  • Astrophysics
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are absorption features observed in stellar spectra due to interstellar material.
  • Over 500 DIBs are known, primarily at visible and near-infrared wavelengths.
  • The carriers of DIBs are suspected to be polyatomic carbon-containing molecules, but none have been definitively identified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To search for and characterize new DIBs at longer infrared wavelengths (1.5-1.8 micrometres).
  • To investigate the origin and environment of these newly discovered DIBs.
  • To compare DIB properties in the Galactic Centre with those in other diffuse clouds.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution spectroscopic observations of stars with high extinction towards the Galactic Centre.
  • Analysis of spectra in the 1.5-1.8 micrometre wavelength interval.
  • Comparison of DIB strengths with interstellar extinction values.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of 13 new diffuse interstellar bands in the 1.5-1.8 micrometre range.
  • These DIBs are predominantly observed towards the Galactic Centre, suggesting an origin in this region.
  • The relative strengths of these DIBs correlate with interstellar extinction, similar to previously known DIBs.

Conclusions:

  • The Galactic Centre hosts previously unknown diffuse interstellar bands, originating in a warmer, harsher environment.
  • The carriers of these new DIBs are likely similar to those of known DIBs, possibly polyatomic carbon molecules.
  • DIB strength generally scales with the amount of diffuse interstellar material, regardless of the specific environment.