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[Death and dying - definition and determination.].

O Bjarnason1

  • 1Landspitali University Hospital, Eirísgata 5, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland.

Laeknabladid
|October 5, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Technological advancements have challenged traditional death criteria, leading to debates on defining death based on higher brain function loss (cognitive death) versus brain stem or whole brain death. Establishing clear criteria remains crucial.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Medical Ethics
  • Philosophy of Death

Context:

  • Traditional criteria for determining death have been challenged by medical technological advancements, particularly respirators.
  • Modern medicine necessitates a re-evaluation of death determination, moving beyond cardiopulmonary criteria.

Purpose:

  • To explore the philosophical and medical complexities surrounding the definition of death in the context of advanced medical technology.
  • To differentiate between cognitive death (irreversible loss of higher brain function) and brain death (irreversible loss of brain stem/entire brain function).

Summary:

  • Two main philosophical positions on brain function and death exist: irreversible loss of higher brain functions (cognitive death) and irreversible loss of brain stem or entire brain function.
  • Neurologic criteria for brain death are medically accepted, distinguishable from other syndromes, but philosophical and theological considerations are essential for a comprehensive definition of human death.

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Impact:

  • Highlights the need for philosophical analysis of personhood and personal identity to support practical death determination formulations.
  • Emphasizes that defining human death requires considering essential characteristics of humaneness, not solely cardiac or brain function.