[Cervicogenic headaches]

Cervicogenic headaches are a relatively new nosological entity. The diagnostic criteria are still under discussion. They are rare: the diagnostic is based on anamnestic and clinical considerations. Rx investigation is mandatory. The aetiology is multifactorial. In case of cervical trauma, the relationship with the primary peripheral lesion must be carefully discussed. The actual opinion from the neurophysiological point of view is based on the hypothesis of "central hypersensitivity". This progressive dysfunction is probably modulated by genetic characteristics: the mechanism is triggered by the initial peripheral nociceptive input. In chronic situations, psychosocial factors are important. The treatment must be considered individually. It is based on a pharmacological approach and, in selected cases, includes anaesthetic block.