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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans

Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans

Published on: December 11, 2016

Variability in muscle damage after eccentric exercise and the repeated bout effect.

Trevor C Chen¹

¹Department of Physical Education, National Chiayi University, Mingsuin Shiang, Taiwan. trevorchen@mail.ncyu.edu.tw

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport

|October 6, 2006

Summary

Responses to eccentric exercise are consistent over a year. Individuals with less initial muscle damage show a smaller repeated bout effect (RBE) upon subsequent exercise. This highlights the role of initial muscle damage in adaptation.

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Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans

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Published on: December 11, 2016

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Area of Science:

Exercise Physiology
Muscle Adaptation
Sports Science

Background:

Variability in individual responses to eccentric exercise is well-documented.
The repeated bout effect (RBE) describes the protective adaptation following prior exercise.
Understanding factors influencing RBE, such as initial muscle damage, is crucial for training protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the consistency of eccentric exercise response over a one-year period.
To determine if initial muscle damage influences the magnitude of the repeated bout effect (RBE).

Main Methods:

Male students performed 30 eccentric contractions (ECC) of elbow flexors.
Participants were categorized into low, medium, high, and higher (LR, MR, HR, HrR) based on creatine kinase (CK) levels.
The exercise was repeated after one year (ECC30), followed by a higher volume bout (ECC70), with various physiological measures recorded.

Main Results:

Responses to ECC and ECC30 were similar across all groups.
MR, HR, and HrR groups showed no significant changes after ECC70, while LR had a minor CK increase.
The low response (LR) group exhibited a diminished RBE after ECC70 compared to other groups.

Conclusions:

Eccentric exercise responses remain consistent over a one-year interval.
Individuals with minimal initial muscle damage (lower CK response) demonstrate a less pronounced RBE.
Initial muscle damage extent is a key factor modulating the adaptive response to repeated eccentric exercise bouts.