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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Streptococcal Pharyngitis01:27

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Streptococcal pharyngitis, commonly known as “strep throat,” is an acute infection of the oropharyngeal tissues caused by the Gram‑positive Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, or talking.Mechanisms of Host Entry and Immune EvasionUpon entering the host, S. pyogenes adheres to the mucosal epithelial cells of the pharynx via surface proteins, notably lipoteichoic acid and the antiphagocytic...
Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
Pneumonia IV: Management01:28

Pneumonia IV: Management

The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:

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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43
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Published on: September 11, 2020

Vancomycin-tolerant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Korea.

Heungsup Sung1, Hee Bong Shin, Mi-Na Kim

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-ku, Seoul 138-736, Korea.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology
|October 6, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Two vancomycin-tolerant Streptococcus pneumoniae (VTSP) strains emerged independently in Korea, indicating a 1.1% prevalence. This finding is a serious threat due to existing penicillin resistance in S. pneumoniae.

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Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43
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08:53

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092

Published on: October 2, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of bacterial infections worldwide.
  • Antimicrobial resistance, particularly to penicillin, is a growing concern in S. pneumoniae.
  • Vancomycin tolerance in S. pneumoniae is an emerging issue requiring surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To monitor antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae in Korea.
  • To specifically investigate the prevalence and characteristics of vancomycin-tolerant S. pneumoniae (VTSP).

Main Methods:

  • Nationwide surveillance of S. pneumoniae clinical isolates from March to August 2002.
  • Collection of isolates from 11 university hospitals and 1 reference laboratory.
  • Measurement of lysis rates after vancomycin exposure and characterization of VTSP strains (serotyping, autolysin activity, PFGE, genetic analysis).

Main Results:

  • Two VTSP strains (S3 and H8) were isolated from intensive-care unit patients.
  • These strains exhibited specific penicillin, cefotaxime, and vancomycin MICs and belonged to different serotypes (23F and 13F).
  • Genetic analysis revealed conserved amino acid substitutions in vncS and vex2, suggesting independent emergence with a prevalence rate of 1.1%.

Conclusions:

  • Two VTSP strains have emerged independently in Korea.
  • The prevalence of VTSP poses a significant threat, especially given high rates of penicillin resistance in S. pneumoniae.
  • Continued monitoring and clinical relevance investigation of VTSP are warranted.