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Characterization of human alpha fetoprotein charge microheterogeneity during fetal development
B A Keel1, R L Harms, J A Leal
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita 67214.
Molecular Reproduction and Development
|December 1, 1990
Summary
Human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) exists in at least three charge and two lectin variants. The charge profile of AFP changes during fetal development, impacting its properties in amniotic fluid and fetal serum.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Developmental Biology
- Reproductive Medicine
Background:
- Human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a crucial fetal protein with known isoforms.
- Understanding AFP heterogeneity is important for interpreting its role during pregnancy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the charge and lectin variants of AFP in human amniotic fluid (AF), fetal serum (FS), and cord blood (CB).
- To investigate potential changes in AFP isoforms during fetal development.
Main Methods:
- Chromatofocusing was used to resolve AFP charge isoforms.
- Concanavalin A (ConA) binding was assessed to identify lectin variants.
- Samples included AF, FS, and CB from different gestational stages.
Main Results:
- Three distinct AFP charge isoforms (IA, IB, II) were identified in CB and term AF.
- Mid-gestation AF showed a different charge distribution, with a higher proportion of isoform II.
- Differences in ConA reactivity were observed between AF and CB/FS, suggesting developmental changes in glycosylation.
Conclusions:
- Human AFP exists as at least three charge variants and two lectin variants.
- The charge profile of AFP appears to change during fetal development.
- These findings highlight the complexity of AFP heterogeneity and its potential implications.