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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by transmural...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The disease course is marked...

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Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis
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Published on: September 22, 2019

Pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.

J A Katz1, J Itoh, C Fiocchi

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
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The causes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are still unclear, but research shows genetics, gut bacteria, and the immune system are key factors. New therapies may emerge from understanding these complex interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), has complex and not fully understood causes.
  • While environmental links are suggested, genetic factors and the role of gut microbiota are increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of IBD etiology and pathogenesis.
  • To highlight the contributions of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immunological factors.
  • To explore potential therapeutic avenues based on IBD mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cellular and molecular mechanisms in intestinal inflammation.
  • Analysis of genetic susceptibility loci for CD and UC.
  • Examination of the role of enteric flora and the mucosal immune system.
  • Investigation of cytokine signaling pathways, including nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation.

Main Results:

  • Genetic susceptibility loci for CD and UC have been identified.
  • The role of normal enteric flora, both detrimental and protective (probiotics), in IBD is gaining evidence.
  • Non-immune cells (epithelial, mesenchymal, endothelial) contribute to gut inflammation.
  • Cytokine mechanisms, like NF-kappaB activation, are being elucidated.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the interplay between genetics, environment, microbiota, and mucosal immunity is crucial for IBD pathogenesis.
  • Cytoprotective prostaglandins and cell adhesion molecule blockade represent promising therapeutic strategies.