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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
Published on: May 15, 2017
Formation of spatial shell structure in the superfluid to Mott insulator transition
Simon Fölling1, Artur Widera, Torben Müller
1Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudingerweg 7, 55118 Mainz, Germany. foelling@uni-mainz.de
Abstract:
We report on the direct observation of the transition from a compressible superfluid to an incompressible Mott insulator by recording the in-trap density distribution of a Bosonic quantum gas in an optical lattice. Using spatially selective microwave transitions and spin-changing collisions, we are able to locally modify the spin state of the trapped quantum gas and record the spatial distribution of lattice sites with different filling factors. As the system evolves from a superfluid to a Mott insulator, we observe the formation of a distinct shell structure, in good agreement with theory.
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