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Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
Published on: January 9, 2014
Symmetry of carrier-envelope phase difference effects in strong-field, few-cycle ionization of atoms and molecules
Christian Per Juul Martiny1, Lars Bojer Madsen
1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Arhus C, Denmark.
Abstract:
In few-cycle pulses, the exact value of the carrier-envelope phase difference (CEPD) has a pronounced influence on the ionization dynamics of atoms and molecules. We show that, for atoms in circularly polarized light, a change in the CEPD is mapped uniquely to an overall rotation of the system, and results for arbitrary CEPD are obtained by rotation of the results from a single calculation with fixed CEPD. For molecules, this is true only for linear molecules aligned parallel with the propagation direction of the field. The effects of CEPD are classified as geometric or nongeometric. The observations are exemplified by strong-field calculations on hydrogen.
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