Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

Notch Signaling Pathway

Notch Signaling Pathway

The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...

Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

Hormones and Bone Tissue

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...

Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM

Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM

Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of proteins and glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix. MMPs are essential for the migration and proliferation of cells through the dense matrix network, throughout embryonic development, and throughout morphogenesis. The first MMP activity discovered was a collagenase in a tadpole's tail undergoing metamorphosis. The active collagen deposition and modifications lead to the morphogenesis of tadpoles into the adult body.
A...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A NOTCH2 pathogenic variant alters the osteoblast and vascular cell transcriptome of mouse femurs.

Bone·2026

Same author

Inactivation of Hes1 in Skeletal Undifferentiated Cells Increases Bone Volume.

Endocrinology·2026

Same author

A novel variant of NOTCH2 causes skeletal fragility.

Bone·2025

Same author

Role of Notch signaling in corticalization.

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2025

Same author

Muscle transcriptomics of alpha-sarcoglycanopathy highlights inflammatory pathways driving disease.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2025

Same author

Genetic Deletion of the Purinergic Receptor <i>P2rx7</i> Worsens the Phenotype of α‑Sarcoglycan Muscular Dystrophy.

ACS pharmacology & translational science·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Covalent Binding of BMP-2 on Surfaces Using a Self-assembled Monolayer Approach

Covalent Binding of BMP-2 on Surfaces Using a Self-assembled Monolayer Approach

Published on: August 26, 2013

Bone morphogenetic proteins and their antagonists.

Elisabetta Gazzerro¹, Ernesto Canalis

¹Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy. bgazzerro@yahoo.com

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders

|October 10, 2006

Summary

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are crucial for bone health, development, and healing. BMP antagonists modulate these essential signaling pathways, ensuring proper bone homeostasis.

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Orthopedics

Background:

Skeletal homeostasis relies on systemic hormones and local factors.
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are key regulators of bone cell development and function.
BMPs are vital for skeletal development, adult bone maintenance, and fracture repair.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the mechanisms of BMP activity in bone.
To investigate the role of BMP antagonists in modulating BMP signaling.
To understand the feedback loops regulating BMPs in bone tissue.

Main Methods:

Analysis of BMP signaling pathways (Smad and MAPK).
Identification and characterization of intracellular and extracellular BMP antagonists.
Investigation of antagonist expression and regulation in bone and cartilage.

More Related Videos

Site-Directed Immobilization of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 to Solid Surfaces by Click Chemistry

Site-Directed Immobilization of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 to Solid Surfaces by Click Chemistry

Published on: March 29, 2018

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Published on: May 31, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Covalent Binding of BMP-2 on Surfaces Using a Self-assembled Monolayer Approach

Covalent Binding of BMP-2 on Surfaces Using a Self-assembled Monolayer Approach

Published on: August 26, 2013

Site-Directed Immobilization of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 to Solid Surfaces by Click Chemistry

Site-Directed Immobilization of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 to Solid Surfaces by Click Chemistry

Published on: March 29, 2018

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Published on: May 31, 2016

Main Results:

BMPs initiate osteoblastic lineage commitment and enhance osteoblast function.
BMP signaling involves cell surface receptors and interactions with other growth factors.
BMP antagonists function at multiple levels to inhibit BMP signal transduction.
Extracellular antagonists exhibit differential expression and possess additional biological activities.
BMPs regulate their antagonists, indicating local feedback mechanisms.

Conclusions:

BMPs are essential for bone biology, from development to healing.
BMP antagonists play a critical role in fine-tuning BMP signaling.
Understanding BMP-antagonist interactions is key to modulating bone cell activity and treating skeletal disorders.