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Related Concept Videos

Planar Rigid-Body Motion01:22

Planar Rigid-Body Motion

Understanding the movement of a rigid body in planar motion involves recognizing that every particle within this body is traversing a path that maintains a consistent distance from a specific plane. This concept is fundamental in the study of physics and mechanical engineering, and it allows us to comprehend better how objects move in space.
Planar motion is typically divided into three distinct categories. The first is rectilinear translation, demonstrated by a subway train that moves along...
Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes01:25

Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes

Consider a component AB undergoing a linear motion. Along with a linear motion, point B also rotates around point A. To comprehend this complex movement, position vectors for both points A and B are established using a stationary reference frame.
However, to express the relative position of point B relative to point A, an additional frame of reference, denoted as x'y', is necessary. This additional frame not only translates but also rotates relative to the fixed frame, making it instrumental in...
Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes-Problem Solving01:29

Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes-Problem Solving

Consider a crane whose telescopic boom rotates with an angular velocity of 0.04 rad/s and angular acceleration of 0.02 rad/s2. Along with the rotation, the boom also extends linearly with a uniform speed of 5 m/s. The extension of the boom is measured at point D, which is measured with respect to the fixed point C on the other end of the boom. For the given instant, the distance between points C and D is 60 meters.
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Rigid Body Equilibrium Problems - II01:21

Rigid Body Equilibrium Problems - II

A rigid body is in static equilibrium when the net force and the net torque acting on the system are equal to zero.
Consider two children sitting on a seesaw, which has negligible mass. The first child has a mass (m1) of 26 kg and sits at point A, which is 1.6 meters (r1) from the pivot point B; the second child has a mass (m2) of 32 kg and sits at point C. How far from the pivot point B should the second child sit (r2) to balance the seesaw?
Curvilinear Motion: Rectangular Components01:23

Curvilinear Motion: Rectangular Components

Curvilinear motion characterizes the movement of a particle or object along a curved path, notably evident when envisioning a car navigating a winding road. If the car starts at point A, its position vector is established within a fixed frame of reference, where the ratio of the position vector to its magnitude signifies the unit vector pointing in the position vector's direction.
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Virtual Work for a System of Connected Rigid Bodies01:06

Virtual Work for a System of Connected Rigid Bodies

Virtual work is a powerful method used to solve problems involving several connected rigid bodies. When the system is in equilibrium, virtual work is zero. This allows the calculation of the resulting forces when a system undergoes a virtual displacement. When attempting to analyze such a system, first, use a free-body diagram, where an independent coordinate represents the configuration of the links, and mark its deflected position resulting from the positive virtual displacement.
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Real-time rigid body motion correction and shimming using cloverleaf navigators.

André J W van der Kouwe1, Thomas Benner, Anders M Dale

  • 1Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA. andre@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|October 10, 2006
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a real-time method to correct subject motion during MRI scans, significantly improving image quality for research and clinical use. The technique minimizes data loss caused by movement, enhancing structural MRI analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Neuroimaging
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Subject motion during MRI scans degrades image quality, leading to data loss in clinical and research settings.
  • High-resolution structural MRI, crucial for morphometric analysis, is particularly susceptible to motion artifacts due to longer scan times.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel real-time method for measuring and correcting rigid body motion and associated shim changes during MRI acquisition.
  • To improve the quality and reliability of structural MRI data, especially for morphometric analyses.

Main Methods:

  • A real-time motion correction technique using a pulse sequence with embedded cloverleaf navigators and a feedback control mechanism.
  • A 12-second preliminary scan for mapping, with cloverleaf navigators inserted every repetition time (TR) during 3D fast low-angle shot (FLASH) sequences.
  • Real-time estimation of rigid body motion and feedback adjustments to gradients and shim offsets, with immediate image correction and reconstruction.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated consistent improvement in MRI image quality in human and phantom tests when motion occurred during acquisition.
  • The method requires minimal impact on scan duration and no additional radiofrequency pulses.
  • Effective correction for both within-scan and between-scan motion is achievable.

Conclusions:

  • The developed real-time motion correction method effectively mitigates motion artifacts in MRI.
  • This technique enhances the utility of structural MRI for accurate morphometric analysis by improving data quality.
  • The approach offers a practical solution for reducing data discard rates in MRI research and clinical practice.