Sagittal curvature of total knee replacements predicts in vivo kinematics

It is known that in vivo kinematics after total knee replacement is influenced by the design of the implant. The goal of this study was to show that the sagittal curvature of two different knee prostheses differing in geometric design predicts their in vivo motion behavior.

Three-dimensional tibio-femoral displacements of two prosthesis designs (single radius vs. dual radius) were measured during knee extension under weight bearing conditions by in vivo video fluoroscopy. Finite helical axes were computed to represent the tibio-femoral motions. Angular deviation alpha and the spatial localization deviation delta were used to characterize the motions. Angular deviation is the angle between each incremental finite helical axis and the medio-lateral axis of the femoral component of the prosthesis. The spatial localization deviation is the distance between each finite helical axis and the center of the femoral component of the prosthesis. Statistical comparisons were performed using the median and the interquartile range of the angular deviation and the spatial localization deviation.

The single-radius design showed finite helical axes concentrated at a single axis near to the medio-lateral axis of the femoral component. The angular and spatial localization deviation of the dual radius design were larger compared to the single radius design, exhibiting finite helical axes varying between two axes.

Video fluoroscopy in combination with finite helical axis analysis proved to be suitable methods to evaluate the in vivo kinematical behavior of total knee arthroplasty, which can be useful for implant designers. Knowledge of in vivo kinematics can also provide surgeons with more background information about the total knee arthroplasty models they implant.