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Horizontal gene transfer in plants.

Aaron O Richardson1, Jeffrey D Palmer

  • 1Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.

Journal of Experimental Botany
|October 13, 2006
PubMed
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Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is common in bacteria but its role in multicellular eukaryotes is unclear. Massive HGT events in plant mitochondria, particularly in Amborella trichopoda, reveal significant gene acquisition from diverse donors.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a known driver of bacterial evolution.
  • Its prevalence and significance in multicellular eukaryotes, especially plants, are less understood.
  • Plant mitochondrial genomes show higher HGT activity compared to other eukaryotic organellar and nuclear genomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the implications, mechanisms, and consequences of HGT in plant mitochondrial genomes.
  • To examine evidence of HGT in plant chloroplast and nuclear genomes.
  • To highlight recent findings on massive HGT events in Amborella trichopoda.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on HGT in eukaryotes, with a focus on plants.
  • Analysis of studies implicating parasitic plants in mitochondrial gene transfer.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of a specific case of massive HGT in Amborella trichopoda.

    • Main Results:

    • Plant mitochondrial genomes are unusually active in HGT.
    • Parasitic plants are implicated as donors and recipients of mitochondrial genes.
    • Massive HGT events, involving hundreds of genes from multiple donors, have been identified in Amborella trichopoda.

    Conclusions:

    • Massive HGT events challenge previous understandings of gene transfer in multicellular eukaryotes.
    • Plant-to-plant mitochondrial HGT, though mechanisms are unclear, has significant evolutionary implications.
    • Further research is needed to fully understand the extent and impact of HGT across plant genomes.