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Updated: Jul 19, 2026
08:46
Force System with Vertical V-Bends: A 3D In Vitro Assessment of Elastic and Rigid Rectangular Archwires
Published on: July 24, 2018
A numerical simulation of tooth movement by wire bending
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan. kojima.yukio@nitech.ac.jp
Summary
Orthodontic tooth movement can be estimated using a 3D numerical model. However, predicting final tooth positions from the initial force system alone is challenging due to changes during treatment.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanical Engineering
- Orthodontics
- Dental Mechanics
Background:
- Orthodontic treatment relies on wire bending to move teeth via elastic recovery.
- Predicting tooth movement traditionally uses the initial force system, which changes during treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a comprehensive 3D numerical model for predicting orthodontic tooth movement.
- To investigate the accuracy of predicting final tooth positions based on initial forces.
Main Methods:
- Simulated tooth movements using a 3D numerical model based on wire bending.
- Incorporated bone remodeling proportional to periodontal ligament stress.
Main Results:
- Off-center bends caused significant tipping; distal/mesial movement occurred for teeth further away.
- Anchoring the second molar with a V-bend increased canine intrusion and tipping while preventing molar movement.
- An inverse curve of Spee wire simulation matched measured vertical tooth movements.
Conclusions:
- The developed numerical model can estimate tooth movements produced by wire bending.
- Final tooth positions are difficult to predict solely from the initial force system.
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