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Related Concept Videos

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
Gas Chromatography: Types of Columns and Stationary Phases01:17

Gas Chromatography: Types of Columns and Stationary Phases

Gas chromatography (GC) relies on stationary phases to separate and analyze components in a sample. There are two main types of stationary phases: liquid and solid. Liquid stationary phases are non-volatile, thermally stable, and chemically inert liquids coated onto the column. Solid stationary phases are particles of adsorbent material, such as silica gel or molecular sieves.
For an analyte to remain on the column for a sufficient amount of time, it must exhibit some level of compatibility (or...
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation00:57

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
Supercritical Fluid Chromatography01:18

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) provides a beneficial substitute for gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for certain samples because it merges the top attributes of both techniques. SFC allows the separation and analysis of compounds that GC or LC does not easily manage. These compounds are traditionally nonvolatile or thermally unstable, making GC unsuitable and lacking functional groups required for HPLC analysis.
SFC utilizes a supercritical fluid mobile phase,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Surface confined ionic liquid as a stationary phase for HPLC.

Qian Wang1, Gary A Baker, Sheila N Baker

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 578 NS Complex, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA.

The Analyst
|October 19, 2006
PubMed
Summary

New silica stationary phases were created using ionic liquid derivatives for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). These modified silica particles show promise for separating aromatic carboxylic acids through multiple interaction mechanisms.

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Automated HPLC Separation Using LC-Mate: An Integrated Repetitive Autosampler and Fraction Collector for Microscale Purification
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Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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Published on: March 24, 2018

Automated HPLC Separation Using LC-Mate: An Integrated Repetitive Autosampler and Fraction Collector for Microscale Purification
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Automated HPLC Separation Using LC-Mate: An Integrated Repetitive Autosampler and Fraction Collector for Microscale Purification

Published on: February 27, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) offer unique properties for chromatographic applications.
  • Surface modification of silica supports is crucial for developing advanced stationary phases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize trimethoxysilane "ionosilane" derivatives of RTILs.
  • To functionalize silica particles with these derivatives for use as HPLC stationary phases.
  • To characterize the modified silica and evaluate its chromatographic performance.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of ionosilane derivatives of alkylimidazolium bromides.
  • Modification of silica particles (3 microm diameter).
  • Characterization using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and NMR spectroscopy ((13)C, (29)Si).
  • Evaluation of the stationary phase in HPLC using aromatic carboxylic acids.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis and attachment of ionosilane derivatives to silica.
  • Surface coverage of 0.84 micromol m(-2) achieved for alkylimidazolium bromide.
  • Predominant attachment via two siloxane bonds (63%).
  • Demonstrated separation of aromatic carboxylic acids.

Conclusions:

  • The modified silica particles function effectively as stationary phases for HPLC.
  • The separation mechanism involves a combination of ion exchange, hydrophobic, and electrostatic interactions.
  • These novel stationary phases show potential for various chromatographic separations.