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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing

An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing

Published on: October 25, 2019

Aging and contextual binding: modeling recency and lag recency effects with the temporal context model.

Marc W Howard¹, Michael J Kahana, Arthur Wingfield

¹Syracuse University, Department of Psychology, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244-2340, USA. marc@memory.syr.edu

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

|October 20, 2006

Summary

Older adults maintain memory for recent items but struggle with recalling item order. This is because aging impairs the ability to recall contextual information, a function linked to the hippocampus.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Computational Modeling

Background:

Normal aging affects memory recall, specifically sparing recency effects while disrupting temporal associations.
The Temporal Context Model (TCM) explains these phenomena through context signal dynamics and state recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

To extend the Temporal Context Model (TCM) to explain memory differences between younger and older adults.
To investigate how aging impacts recency effects and temporal association recall.

Main Methods:

Utilized computational modeling based on the Temporal Context Model (TCM).
Analyzed differences in free recall initiation, recency effects, and temporal associations in younger and older adults.

Main Results:

Aging selectively impairs the recovery of temporal contexts associated with presented items.
Recency effects in free recall initiation remain intact in older adults.
Temporally defined associations are disrupted in older adults compared to younger adults.

Conclusions:

The observed dissociation between recency and temporal associations in aging is explained by a specific deficit in contextual recovery.
This deficit in recovering temporal contexts is hypothesized to be associated with hippocampal function decline in aging.