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Updated: Jul 19, 2026
06:53
Selective Harvesting of Marginating-hepatic Leukocytes
Published on: July 21, 2016
Avian hepatic granuloma. A review
I K E Supartika1, M J M Toussaint, E Gruys
1Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
The Veterinary Quarterly
|October 21, 2006
Summary
Hepatic granulomas in birds are chronic inflammatory responses to various infections. Identifying these granulomas aids in diagnosing diverse avian diseases.
Area of Science:
- Avian pathology
- Veterinary immunology
- Infectious diseases
Background:
- Hepatic granuloma is a chronic inflammatory condition in birds.
- It involves macrophage accumulation and multinucleated giant cell formation.
- Granulomas are often surrounded by lymphocytes and fibrous tissue.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the causes, signs, pathology, and diagnosis of hepatic granulomas in birds.
- To highlight the role of granulomatous inflammation in differential diagnosis.
- To consolidate information on various diseases causing hepatic granulomas.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of avian diseases associated with hepatic granulomas.
- Analysis of etiological factors including viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoal, and helminthic infections.
- Examination of pathological changes and diagnostic approaches.
Main Results:
- Hepatic granulomas result from persistent infections in the liver.
- Different pathogens lead to varied gross and histopathologic patterns.
- Detection of granulomatous inflammation is a key diagnostic aid.
Conclusions:
- Hepatic granulomas in birds are indicative of underlying infectious diseases.
- Understanding the etiology and pathology is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
- This review provides a comprehensive overview for avian disease management.
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