Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ocular Speech Tracking Persists in Blindness, but Its Dynamics and Oculo-Cerebral Connectivity Depend on Visual Status.

eNeuro·2026
Same author

Neural and autonomic regulation during brief mindfulness and relaxation interventions in clinical populations: a multimodal MEG study protocol.

Frontiers in neuroscience·2026
Same author

Tinnitus and tinnitus disorder: Genetic, neurobiological, and clinical differentiation.

iScience·2026
Same author

Empowerment, Self-Management and Illness Perception of Users of an Online Self-Help Platform for Tinnitus: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Reply to: "No evidence of neural feature-specific pre-activation during the prediction of an upcoming stimulus".

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Tinnitus.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Behavioral Determination of Stimulus Pair Discrimination of Auditory Acoustic and Electrical Stimuli Using a Classical Conditioning and Heart-rate Approach
10:50

Behavioral Determination of Stimulus Pair Discrimination of Auditory Acoustic and Electrical Stimuli Using a Classical Conditioning and Heart-rate Approach

Published on: June 6, 2012

Tracking short-term auditory cortical plasticity during classical conditioning using frequency-tagged stimuli.

Nathan Weisz1, Branislav Kostadinov, Katalin Dohrmann

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Germany.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|October 21, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Human classical conditioning involves rapid auditory cortex plasticity, occurring within five trials. Lower stimulus awareness correlates with greater physiological responses, suggesting earlier amygdala involvement in auditory learning.

More Related Videos

Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning
08:43

Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning

Published on: October 22, 2015

Assessment of Audio-Tactile Sensory Substitution Training in Participants with Profound Deafness Using the Event-Related Potential Technique
11:39

Assessment of Audio-Tactile Sensory Substitution Training in Participants with Profound Deafness Using the Event-Related Potential Technique

Published on: September 7, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Behavioral Determination of Stimulus Pair Discrimination of Auditory Acoustic and Electrical Stimuli Using a Classical Conditioning and Heart-rate Approach
10:50

Behavioral Determination of Stimulus Pair Discrimination of Auditory Acoustic and Electrical Stimuli Using a Classical Conditioning and Heart-rate Approach

Published on: June 6, 2012

Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning
08:43

Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning

Published on: October 22, 2015

Assessment of Audio-Tactile Sensory Substitution Training in Participants with Profound Deafness Using the Event-Related Potential Technique
11:39

Assessment of Audio-Tactile Sensory Substitution Training in Participants with Profound Deafness Using the Event-Related Potential Technique

Published on: September 7, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Perception
  • Learning and Memory

Background:

  • Short-term plasticity in classical conditioning is rapid in animals.
  • Temporal dynamics of human classical conditioning plasticity remain largely unknown.
  • Auditory cortical responses can be tracked using steady-state field (SSF) analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal dynamics of human classical conditioning.
  • To explore the relationship between stimulus awareness, physiological responses, and auditory cortex plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized amplitude-modulated tones with distinct carrier frequencies (CS+ and CS-) to elicit steady-state field (SSF) responses.
  • Employed fast Fourier transformation (FFT) for trial-by-trial analysis of cortical responses to modulation frequencies (29 Hz and 45 Hz).
  • Assessed heart rate and contingency awareness, with mutilation pictures serving as the unconditioned stimulus.

Main Results:

  • Observed rapid enhancement of high-frequency SSF amplitudes within five trials, with later differentiation of high frequencies.
  • Participants with lower contingency awareness exhibited greater SSF increase to the conditioned stimulus (CS+) and relative heart rate acceleration.
  • Findings partially replicate rapid plasticity observed in animal models.

Conclusions:

  • Human auditory cortex demonstrates rapid plasticity during classical conditioning, mirroring animal studies.
  • Lower stimulus awareness may be linked to enhanced early amygdala activation, influencing auditory cortical plasticity.
  • This study provides insights into the neural mechanisms underlying human associative learning and auditory processing.