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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

Overview
Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect damage-associated...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

In vitro Coculture Assay to Assess Pathogen Induced Neutrophil Trans-epithelial Migration
14:14

In vitro Coculture Assay to Assess Pathogen Induced Neutrophil Trans-epithelial Migration

Published on: January 6, 2014

Microbial-epithelial cell crosstalk during inflammation: the host response.

Martin F Kagnoff1

  • 1Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. mkagnoff@ucsd.edu

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|October 24, 2006
PubMed
Summary

The intestinal epithelium is a key communicator, sending infection signals to immune cells. It also defends the host by producing antimicrobial peptides like defensins and cathelicidins.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • The intestinal epithelium is a crucial single-cell layer barrier.
  • It interfaces between host tissues and luminal contents.
  • Epithelial cells play a vital role in host-pathogen interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the intestinal epithelium's role in immune signaling.
  • To highlight its function in host antimicrobial defense.
  • To understand its communication with innate and acquired immune cells.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on intestinal epithelial function.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involved in host-pathogen response.
  • Examination of antimicrobial peptide production mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • The intestinal epithelium acts as a critical communication hub.
  • It transmits signals from microbial infections to mucosal immune cells.
  • It produces defensin and cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides.

Conclusions:

  • The intestinal epithelium is essential for immune surveillance and response.
  • It plays a dual role in communication and direct defense.
  • Understanding these functions is key to managing intestinal infections.