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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Integration of Miniaturized Solid Phase Extraction and LC-MS/MS Detection of 3-Nitrotyrosine in Human Urine for Clinical Applications
Published on: July 14, 2017
A simple, sensitive, and rapid method for the determination of cotinine in urine by high-performance liquid
Lydia Rabbaa-Khabbaz1, Rita Abi Daoud, Dolla Karam-Sarkis
1Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University, Mathaf, Beirut, Lebanon. khabfam@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Cotinine levels in biological fluids are a reliable indicator of the presence of nicotine. In this paper, a simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure for the determination of cotinine in urine following liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane in an alkaline medium is described. Calibration curves show linearity over the 50 to 3000 ng/mL range with low intra- and interday variability as well as good selectivity and specificity. No solid-phase extraction is performed because the liquid dichloromethane extraction step yields excellent results. This method is a good alternative for routine analysis of urinary cotinine in laboratories where gas chromatography or HPLC-mass spectrometry is not available.
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