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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Spinal Sonography for Ultrasound-Guided Lumbar Neuraxial Anesthesia
Published on: January 31, 2025
[Adequacy of combined spinal and epidural anesthesia during upper-abdominal operations]
Abstract:
The paper provides a comparative evaluation of the protective effects of combined spinal epidural anesthesia with artificial ventilation (AV) (n=86) versus combined general anesthesia with AV (n=53) from the surgical stress response at abdominal surgery. The surgical stress was estimated by the activities of the sympathoadrenal system, the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical system, the serum complement system, and lipid peroxidation, and by the blood level of glucose. The findings suggest that the combined spinal epidural anesthesia with AV has a more valid protective activity against poor surgery-associated neurohumoral, hemodynamic, and immunological changes.
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