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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Processing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Matched Blood for Alveolar Macrophage and CD4+ T-cell Immunophenotyping and HIV Reservoir Assessment
Published on: June 23, 2019
Primary pneumococcal peritonitis as a presenting feature of HIV infection
Constantine Alifrangis1, Phillip Thompson, Guy Thwaites
1Department of Genitourinary/HIV Medicine and Medical Microbiology, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Eastern Road, Brighton BN2 5BE, UK. Constantine.alifrangis@bsuh.nhs.uk
Abstract:
We report a case of primary pneumococcal peritonitis in a 28-year old previously healthy woman. There are no previously reported associations between this rare form of spontaneous peritonitis and HIV infection, and it is usually associated with underlying cirrhosis, ascites or other immune compromise. In this case this was the presenting illness of HIV infection. When atypical infections such as this arise in previously healthy adults the clinician must have a high index of suspicion of HIV or other underlying immunodeficiency.
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