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Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection of homosexual men is accompanied by a decrease in circulating B cells.

M M Reddy1, R R Goetz, J M Gorman

  • 1Department of Medicine, St. Luke's/Roosevelt Medical Center, New York, NY 10019.

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection selectively reduces circulating B lymphocytes (CD19+), even in early stages. This decrease progresses with advanced HIV-1 infection and correlates with CD4+ T cell counts.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Understanding the natural history of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is crucial.
  • Lymphocyte phenotypes are key indicators of immune status during HIV-1 infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze lymphocyte cell-surface phenotypes in homosexual men with HIV-1 infection.
  • To correlate these phenotypes with clinical and laboratory parameters of HIV-1 infection.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of coded specimens from 153 homosexual men (74 seronegative, 79 seropositive).
  • Flow cytometry was used to analyze B lymphocytes (CD19+, CD20+, CD21+) and T cells (CD8+, CD4+).

Main Results:

  • HIV-1 seropositive subjects showed significantly fewer circulating B lymphocytes (CD19+, CD20+, CD21+) compared to seronegative individuals.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Decreased B-cell numbers were observed even in early, asymptomatic HIV-1 infection stages and became more pronounced with disease progression.
  • Absolute B-cell counts correlated positively with absolute CD4+ T cell counts (r = 0.59, p < 0.001).
  • No significant decrease in CD8+ T cells or activated T cells was found.

    • Conclusions:

    • HIV-1 infection is associated with a progressive and selective depletion of circulating B cells.
    • The decline in B cells is linked to the overall progression of HIV-1 infection and CD4+ T cell loss.