Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure
05:16

Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure

Published on: June 10, 2025

Anemia as independent predictor of major events in elderly patients with chronic angina

Stefano Muzzarelli1, Matthias Pfisterer,

  • 1Division of Cardiology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.

American Heart Journal
|October 31, 2006
PubMed

Insights

Anemia is a significant risk factor for elderly patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Lower hemoglobin levels independently predict increased mortality and adverse clinical events in this population.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Geriatrics
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Anemia is linked to poorer outcomes in heart failure, myocardial infarction, and angioplasty patients.
  • The impact of anemia on elderly individuals with stable symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear.
  • Prevalence of anemia increases with age.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the influence of anemia on the long-term outcomes of elderly patients diagnosed with stable symptomatic CAD.

Main Methods:

  • The study analyzed data from 253 elderly patients (>= 75 years) from the TIME study.
  • Patients were randomized to invasive or optimized medical strategies, with follow-up for a median of 4 years.
  • Anemia was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) < 13 g/dL for men and < 12 g/dL for women; outcomes included death, myocardial infarction, and CAD hospitalization.

Main Results:

  • Anemic patients were older and had more comorbidities, including chronic renal failure and diabetes.
  • A 1 g/dL decrease in Hb was associated with a 34% increased risk of all-cause death and a 28% increased risk of cardiac death.
  • Lower Hb levels (< 13.3 g/dL) independently predicted a 23% higher risk of major adverse clinical events.

Conclusions:

  • Anemia is an independent predictor of mortality in elderly patients with stable symptomatic CAD.
  • Anemia is also an independent predictor of major adverse clinical events in this patient group.
Abstract

Related Concept Videos

Angina IV: Management01:26

Angina IV: Management

IntroductionThe management of angina requires a comprehensive approach that includes pharmacological therapies, medical procedures, and lifestyle modifications.Pharmacological TherapiesAntiplatelet agents, such as aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor, play a pivotal role in preventing thrombus formation in patients with angina. These medications inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce the likelihood of myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular events.Anticoagulants, including...
Angina V: Nursing Management01:20

Angina V: Nursing Management

Angina, a symptom of myocardial ischemia, requires a structured nursing management approach to ensure effective care and prevent complications like myocardial infarction. Comprehensive nursing care involves assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing interventions, and evaluating outcomes, all tailored to the individual patient's needs.Patient AssessmentNursing assessment begins with a detailed subjective evaluation of symptoms, which typically include chest pain or pressure radiating to the...
Angina III: Clinical Manifestations and Assessment01:29

Angina III: Clinical Manifestations and Assessment

Angina manifests as chest pain, tightness, or squeezing discomfort typically located behind the breastbone. It can radiate to the neck, jaw, shoulders, and inner aspects of the upper arms, most commonly the left arm. Patients may experience shortness of breath, fatigue, profuse sweating, dizziness, indigestion, heartburn, palpitations, anxiety, and vomiting as accompanying symptoms. This pain often lasts a few minutes and is triggered by physical exertion, emotional stress, heavy meals, or cold...
Angina II: Classification01:27

Angina II: Classification

Angina, also known as angina pectoris, is a chest pain resulting from diminished blood flow to the heart muscle and is often a symptom of coronary artery disease. Angina presents several variants with distinctive attributes, etiologies, and therapeutic approaches. The main types of angina include stable, unstable, variant (Prinzmetal's), microvascular, intractable, and silent ischemia.Stable angina is caused by atherosclerosis, which leads to the formation of plaques that narrow the coronary...
Angina I: Introduction01:30

Angina I: Introduction

Definition and Symptoms: Angina (angina pectoris) is chest pain or discomfort caused by myocardial ischemia, which occurs when the heart muscle receives insufficient oxygen-rich blood. It typically manifests as pressing, squeezing, or crushing sensations in the chest and may radiate to the shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back.Primary Cause: In a healthy state, the coronary arteries can dilate (widen) to increase blood flow and meet the increased oxygen demand during physical activity or...
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...