Fuzzy-based controller for glucose regulation in type-1 diabetic patients by subcutaneous route

This paper presents an advisory/control algorithm for a type-1 diabetes mellitus (TIDM) patient under an intensive insulin treatment based on a multiple daily injections regimen (MDIR). The advisory/control algorithm incorporates expert knowledge about the treatment of this disease by using Mamdani-type fuzzy logic controllers to regulate the blood glucose level (BGL). The overall control strategy is based on a two-loop feedback strategy to overcome the variability in the glucose-insulin dynamics from patient to patient. An inner-loop provides the amount of both rapid/short and intermediate/long acting insulin (RSAI and ILAI) formulations that are programmed in a three-shots daily basis before meals. The combined preparation is then injected by the patient through a subcutaneous route. Meanwhile, an outer-loop adjusts the maximum amounts of insulin provided to the patient in a time-scale of days. The outer-loop controller aims to work as a supervisor of the inner-loop controller. Extensive closed-loop simulations are illustrated, using a detailed compartmental model of the insulin-glucose dynamics in a TIDM patient with meal intake.