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Related Experiment Videos

HIV evolutionary dynamics within and among hosts.

Philippe Lemey1, Andrew Rambaut, Oliver G Pybus

  • 1Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. philippe.lemey@zoo.ox.ac.uk

AIDS Reviews
|November 3, 2006
PubMed
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HIV evolution leaves genetic footprints. Analyzing these viral gene sequences reveals epidemic history, immune escape, and drug resistance, crucial for understanding HIV transmission dynamics.

Area of Science:

  • * Evolutionary biology
  • * Virology
  • * Population genetics

Background:

  • * Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) evolution is an ongoing process evident in its genetic sequences.
  • * Diverse statistical models and inference techniques are used to study HIV's evolutionary history and population genetics.
  • * Distinct population genetic forces operate within and between hosts, influencing viral diversity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To reconstruct HIV evolutionary history and investigate population genetic processes shaping viral diversity.
  • * To understand how epidemiologic processes shape population-level HIV phylogenies.
  • * To elucidate the impact of selection pressure, recombination, and transmission on HIV genetic diversity, immune escape, and drug resistance.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • * Reconstruction of HIV evolutionary history using statistical models and inference techniques.
  • * Analysis of viral gene sequences to identify evolutionary footprints.
  • * Application of population genetic inference to study HIV epidemic history and within-host evolution.

    • Main Results:

    • * Population-level HIV phylogenies are primarily shaped by selectively neutral epidemiologic processes.
    • * Within-host HIV genealogies reveal the action of selection pressure.
    • * Recombination significantly impacts HIV genetic diversity, influencing immune escape and drug resistance.

    Conclusions:

    • * Genealogy-based population genetic inference is valuable for studying HIV epidemic history.
    • * Quantifying HIV adaptation and recombination rates enhances understanding of immune escape and drug resistance.
    • * Characterizing HIV transmission's impact on genetic diversity is key to reconciling within- and among-host evolutionary processes.