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Related Concept Videos

Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac muscle...
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
Holter Monitor: 24-Hour Monitoring01:23

Holter Monitor: 24-Hour Monitoring

Holter monitoring is a continuous electrocardiography (ECG) recording that tracks the heart's electrical activity over an extended period, generally 24 to 48 hours. This noninvasive diagnostic tool detects irregular heart rhythms that may not be captured during a standard ECG performed in a clinical setting.DeviceThe Holter monitor is a portable, small device connected to several electrodes on the patient's chest. These electrodes detect the heart's electrical signals and transmit them to the...
Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias01:30

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...
Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias01:25

Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmia management involves a multifaceted approach, incorporating pharmacological treatments, medical procedures, surgical interventions, lifestyle modifications, and patient education.Pharmacological ManagementAntiarrhythmic Drugs:Class I (Sodium Channel Blockers): This class includes quinidine and procainamide, which reduce the speed of impulse conduction in the heart, stabilize the cardiac membrane, and control arrhythmias. Quinidine and procainamide are Class IA agents that prolong the...

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Human natural killer cell deficiencies.

Jordan S Orange1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. orange@mail.med.upenn.edu

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|November 8, 2006
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human natural killer cell deficiencies, whether isolated or part of broader syndromes, offer crucial insights into immune function. Recent discoveries highlight new genetic mutations and isolated cases, advancing our understanding of natural killer cell biology and host defense.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Human Genetics
  • Infectious Disease

Background:

  • Human natural killer (NK) cell deficiencies are clinically significant, providing insights into NK cell biology and host defense.
  • Previous reviews of these disorders are now updated due to significant recent developments.
  • NK cell deficiencies can manifest as isolated conditions or as part of complex immunodeficiency syndromes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and reconsider human natural killer cell deficiencies in light of recent scientific advancements.
  • To integrate new findings regarding genetic defects and isolated NK cell deficiencies.
  • To enhance understanding of NK cell roles in immunity and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on human natural killer cell deficiencies.
  • Analysis of newly identified human gene mutations affecting NK cell development or function.
  • Examination of new reports and a proposed classification scheme for isolated NK cell deficiencies.

Main Results:

  • Five new human gene mutations impacting NK cells have been identified since the last review.
  • Seven additional gene mutations have provided new insights into NK cell biology.
  • Six new cases of isolated natural killer cell deficiencies have been reported, along with a proposed classification system.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding human genetic syndromes associated with NK cell deficiencies is advancing rapidly.
  • New cases of isolated NK cell deficiencies further contribute to the field.
  • These findings solidify the critical role of NK cells in defending against human herpesviral infections.