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Validation of a Spanish version of the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment Questionnaire (SMFA)
Carlos Javier Guevara1, Chad Cook, Ricardo Pietrobon
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to develop a linguistically appropriate, culturally adapted, and appropriately validated Spanish version of the SMFA (SMFA-Mex).
Design:
Validation of a survey-based outcome instrument.
Setting:
Busy state hospital in southern Mexico.
Patients/Participants:
Consecutive trauma patients with a variety of orthopedic disorders.
Intervention:
N/A.
Main Outcome Measurements:
The SMFA-Mex was forward and back translated, administered to orthopedic trauma patients, and compared against the Spanish version of the SF-36s for criterion validity. Statistical analysis included factor analysis, criterion validation with the SF-36, and internal measures of reliability.
Results:
Factor analysis demonstrated three separate subscale dimensions: 1) upper-extremity dysfunction, 2) lower-extremity dysfunction, and 3) lifestyle alterations. Item analysis showed a high degree of internal consistency for the three subscales (subscale 1, r = 0.95; subscale 2, r = 0.94; subscale 3, r = 0.92). Test-retest reliability at 7 days was 0.93 for the upper-extremity dysfunction subscale, 0.95 for the lower-extremity dysfunction subscale, and 0.92 for the lifestyle-alterations subscale. Construct validity was established by comparison of the Brazilian version of the SF-36.
Conclusions:
The SMFA-Mex was successfully translated and culturally adapted from the English original. The SMFA-Mex demonstrated adequate scale reliability and validity and yielded three distinct subscales using factor analysis.
