Noncontact backscatter-mode near-infrared time-resolved imaging system: Preliminary study for functional brain mapping

To improve the spatial resolution and to obtain the depth information of absorbers buried in highly scattering material, we developed a noncontact backscatter-mode near-infrared time-resolved imaging system (noncontact B-TRIS) that is intended for functional human brain mapping. It consists of mode-locked Ti-sapphire lasers as light sources and a charge-coupled device camera equipped with a time-resolved intensifier as a detector. The system was tested with a white polyacetal phantom as a light-scattering medium and black polyacetal particles as absorbers. Illumination and detection of light through an objective lens system (phi = 150 mm) enabled us to capture images from an area whose diameter is about 70 mm without coming into contact with it. The scattering and absorption coefficients of the white phantom obtained by B-TRIS were similar to those obtained by a conventional time-resolved spectroscopy. Although the imaged diameter of an absorber buried within a phantom was considerably larger than the actual diameter, the center position of the absorber coincided with the actual position with accuracy <2 mm. Furthermore, the depth information can be also detected by the noncontact B-TRIS. These results suggest a potential of noncontact B-TRIS for imaging cognitive human brain function.