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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

Experimental RNAi

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

Published on: April 25, 2022

RNAi, microRNAs, and human disease.

Scott M Hammond¹

¹Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. Hammond@med.unc.edu

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology

|November 10, 2006

Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression. This study reveals specific miRNAs act as oncogenes, accelerating cancer progression and impacting apoptosis.

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Cancer Research

Background:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression posttranscriptionally.
Over 300 human miRNA genes are known, playing roles in development and disease.
Altered miRNA expression is implicated in various cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate miRNA expression patterns in mammalian development and cancer.
To identify specific miRNAs involved in tumorigenesis.
To establish the role of noncoding RNAs as oncogenes in human cancers.

Main Methods:

Utilized a custom microarray platform to analyze miRNA expression.
Examined miRNA expression in mammalian development and various cancer types.

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A Complete Pipeline for Isolating and Sequencing MicroRNAs, and Analyzing Them Using Open Source Tools

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In Vivo Nanovector Delivery of a Heart-specific MicroRNA-sponge

In Vivo Nanovector Delivery of a Heart-specific MicroRNA-sponge

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Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

Published on: April 25, 2022

A Complete Pipeline for Isolating and Sequencing MicroRNAs, and Analyzing Them Using Open Source Tools

A Complete Pipeline for Isolating and Sequencing MicroRNAs, and Analyzing Them Using Open Source Tools

Published on: August 21, 2019

In Vivo Nanovector Delivery of a Heart-specific MicroRNA-sponge

In Vivo Nanovector Delivery of a Heart-specific MicroRNA-sponge

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Investigated the functional role of a specific miRNA cluster (chr13orf 25/OncomiR-1) in a mouse lymphoma model.

Main Results:

Found significant downregulation of many miRNAs in cancer.
Identified several miRNA genes overexpressed in tumor cell lines and primary tumors.
Demonstrated that ectopic expression of the OncomiR-1 cluster accelerated lymphoma progression, reduced apoptosis, and increased dissemination in a mouse model.

Conclusions:

The chr13orf 25/OncomiR-1 cluster functions as an oncogene in human cancers.
Noncoding RNAs, particularly miRNAs, can act as oncogenes.
This study highlights the critical role of miRNAs in cancer development and progression.