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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
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mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

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An overview of microRNAs.

Scott M Hammond1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|May 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of human genes, impacting disease. This review covers miRNA biogenesis, roles, and clinical applications for diagnostics and therapeutics.

Keywords:
ArgonauteDicerDroshaMicroRNARNAimiRNA

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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
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A Complete Pipeline for Isolating and Sequencing MicroRNAs, and Analyzing Them Using Open Source Tools
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A Complete Pipeline for Isolating and Sequencing MicroRNAs, and Analyzing Them Using Open Source Tools

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a significant discovery in molecular biology, with over 2000 identified in humans.
  • These small non-coding RNAs are estimated to regulate one-third of all human genes.
  • Dysregulation of miRNA pathways is implicated in numerous human diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the microRNA pathway.
  • To detail the biological roles and biogenesis of miRNAs.
  • To explore current and emerging clinical applications of miRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of miRNA research.
  • Synthesis of data on miRNA biogenesis pathways.
  • Analysis of studies linking miRNAs to human diseases and clinical applications.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs are crucial regulators of gene expression.
  • Diverse biogenesis routes contribute to the miRNA repertoire.
  • miRNAs show promise as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various diseases.

Conclusions:

  • The study of microRNAs has revolutionized molecular biology and genetics.
  • Understanding miRNA pathways is vital for developing new diagnostics and treatments.
  • Continued research into miRNAs holds significant potential for clinical translation.