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Paleogenomics of echinoderms.

David J Bottjer1, Eric H Davidson, Kevin J Peterson

  • 1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0740, USA. dbottjer@usc.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 11, 2006
PubMed
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Paleogenomics links the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus genome to echinoderm evolution. Key genes for biomineralized stereom formation in modern echinoids were likely present in early echinoderms 520 million years ago.

Area of Science:

  • Paleogenomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Paleogenomics enables deep-time interpretation of genomic data.
  • The echinoid Strongylocentrotus purpuratus genome is now sequenced.
  • Echinoderm fossil records are well-understood, providing evolutionary context.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To interpret gene function in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus using the fossil record.
  • To identify genes responsible for key echinoderm characteristics, such as stereom formation.
  • To trace the evolutionary origins of these genes back to early echinoderms.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic sequencing of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
  • Bioinformatic analysis of the S. purpuratus genome.

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  • Comparative analysis with the echinoderm fossil record.

    • Main Results:

    • Key genes for biomineralized tissue stereom formation were identified in the S. purpuratus genome.
    • These genes are likely conserved from the earliest echinoderms.
    • Stereom formation, a characteristic present since the Early Cambrian, is underpinned by these genes.

    Conclusions:

    • The S. purpuratus genome provides insights into the deep evolutionary history of echinoderms.
    • Conserved genes identified in S. purpuratus were crucial for stereom formation in ancient echinoderms.
    • Paleogenomics offers a powerful approach to understanding the genetic basis of long-extinct traits.