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Trait impulsivity in patients with mood disorders.

M A M Peluso1, J P Hatch, D C Glahn

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA. mampeluso@hotmail.com

Journal of Affective Disorders
|November 14, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Trait impulsivity is a stable characteristic in bipolar disorder, present even during depression. This study confirms higher impulsivity in bipolar patients compared to healthy controls.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Impulsivity is a core feature of bipolar disorder (BD) mania, often persisting as a trait.
  • Impulsivity in depressed bipolar patients remains understudied.
  • This research investigates trait impulsivity across different mood states in bipolar and unipolar disorder.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess and compare trait impulsivity levels in depressed bipolar, depressed unipolar, euthymic bipolar, and euthymic unipolar patients.
  • To compare these patient groups with healthy controls.
  • To determine if impulsivity is a stable trait in bipolar disorder, irrespective of mood state.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) to measure impulsivity.
  • Included 24 depressed bipolar, 24 depressed unipolar, 12 euthymic bipolar, 10 euthymic unipolar patients, and 51 healthy controls.

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  • Employed analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with age and sex as covariates for group comparisons.

    • Main Results:

    • Depressed bipolar, euthymic bipolar, and depressed unipolar patients exhibited significantly higher impulsivity than healthy controls across all BIS scales.
    • Euthymic unipolar patients showed elevated scores only on the motor impulsivity subscale compared to controls.
    • No significant differences in impulsivity were found between depressed bipolar, euthymic bipolar, and depressed unipolar groups.

    Conclusions:

    • The study confirms stable trait impulsivity in bipolar disorder, observable across depressive, manic, and euthymic states.
    • Trait impulsivity may predate or result from recurrent mood episodes, influencing bipolar disorder's clinical presentation.
    • Limitations include a higher prevalence of past substance abuse in bipolar groups and lack of control for anxiety and personality disorders, alongside small sample sizes.