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Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires

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Half-metallic graphene nanoribbons.

Young-Woo Son¹, Marvin L Cohen, Steven G Louie

¹Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

|November 17, 2006

Summary

Researchers predict half-metallicity in graphene nanoribbons using electric fields. This discovery could advance spintronics by enabling control over electron spin in carbon-based nanomaterials.

Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Half-metals exhibit spin-polarized electrical currents due to distinct metallic and insulating behaviors for different electron spins.
Previous research focused on inorganic materials like Heusler compounds and manganese perovskites for half-metallicity.
Organic materials, particularly carbon-based nanostructures, remain largely unexplored for spintronic applications despite their potential.

Purpose of the Study:

To predict and investigate the phenomenon of half-metallicity in nanometre-scale graphene ribbons.
To explore the feasibility of achieving controllable spintronic properties in graphene nanostructures.
To assess the potential of graphene-based materials for future spin-based electronic devices.

Main Methods:

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Utilized first-principles calculations to predict half-metallicity in graphene nanoribbons.
Investigated the effect of in-plane homogeneous electric fields applied across zigzag-shaped edges.
Analyzed the tunability of magnetic properties through external electric fields.

Main Results:

Predicted that nanometre-scale graphene ribbons can exhibit half-metallic properties.
Demonstrated that applying in-plane electric fields to zigzag graphene nanoribbons induces half-metallicity.
Showed that external electric fields can effectively control the magnetic properties of these nanoribbons.

Conclusions:

Half-metallicity is achievable in graphene nanoribbons under specific electric field conditions.
This finding highlights a significant interplay between electric fields and the electronic spin degree of freedom in solids.
Presents a novel pathway for exploring spintronics at the nanometre scale using graphene-based materials.