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Intentions and expectations in temporal binding.

Kai Engbert¹, Andreas Wohlschläger

¹Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, Amalienstrasse 33, München, Germany. kaiengbert@hotmail.com

Consciousness and Cognition

|November 23, 2006

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Temporal binding, the perceived closeness of actions and their effects, aids operant learning. This phenomenon is enhanced when individuals explicitly attribute intentions to their movements and the resulting effects.

Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Psychology
Human Motor Control

Background:

Voluntary movements and their sensory consequences are perceived as temporally closer than they objectively are.
This temporal binding has been theorized to support operant learning and the sense of intentionality.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether temporal binding is modulated by explicit attributions of intentionality.
To determine if intentional attributions selectively enhance the link between movement and intended effects.

Main Methods:

Experiment 1: Participants intentionally produced or avoided a tone effect via movement timing, with a fixed success ratio.
Experiments 2 & 3: Controlled for action-effect contingency ratios, removing intentional attribution to isolate its effect.

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Main Results:

Temporal binding functions as a general associative mechanism, facilitating the learning of movement-effect contingencies.
Explicit intentional attributions selectively strengthen the temporal binding between an intentional movement and its intended effect.

Conclusions:

Temporal binding is a fundamental mechanism for learning action-effect relationships.
The experience of intentionality, through explicit attributions, plays a crucial role in modulating temporal binding, enhancing goal-directed action processing.