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Hearing

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...

Auditory Pathway

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Assessment of Audio-Tactile Sensory Substitution Training in Participants with Profound Deafness Using the Event-Related Potential Technique

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The APA and deafness.

¹McDaniel College.

The American Psychologist

|November 23, 2006

Summary

People who are Deaf and mentally ill faced significant barriers to psychological treatment until the 1960s. Landmark legislation, including the Americans With Disabilities Act, has since improved access to mental health care and education for the Deaf community.

Area of Science:

Psychology
Disability Studies
Public Health Policy

Background:

Historically, individuals who are Deaf and experiencing mental illness faced substantial barriers to accessing psychological treatment.
Limited availability of sign language interpreters and a lack of mental health professional training in sign language contributed to this disparity.

Observation:

Major court decisions and federal legislation, notably the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990, have driven significant changes.
These legal advancements mandated equal access to mental health services for individuals who are Deaf.
The legislation also opened educational pathways for Deaf students to become psychologists and encouraged hearing psychologists fluent in sign language to enter the field.

Findings:

The influx of Deaf psychologists and hearing psychologists proficient in sign language has been pivotal.

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These professionals have actively engaged with organizations like the American Psychological Association.

Their involvement has been crucial in advocating for and addressing mental health access for the Deaf community.

Implications:

The findings highlight the profound impact of legal and policy changes on healthcare accessibility.
Increased representation of Deaf and bilingual professionals enhances culturally competent mental health care.
Continued advocacy and policy enforcement are essential to ensure equitable mental health service provision for all individuals, irrespective of hearing status.