Pediatric patients with Kawasaki disease and a case report of Kitamura operation

Kawasaki disease (KD), also called mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, is an acute, self-limiting, small-vessel vasculitis with an unknown cause that affects children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years. It is the most common cause of acquired coronary artery disease in childhood. Acute myocardial infarction and coronary artery aneurysm are major complications. We present a cohort of patients with KD who were followed up and treated in the Heart Center, North Rhine-Westphalia. Included is a review of important relevant items common to cases of KD, such as clinical data and management, including medical management of the acute condition and the diagnosis and management of coronary vasculitis and aneurysms as well as the application of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in those conditions. Between January 2002 and January 2006, we evaluated the findings and characteristics of 18 pediatric patients with a history of KD and their long-term outcome. The acute illness occurred between the ages of 4 months and 14 years of age. Anomalies of the coronary arteries were found in 6 patients ranging in age from 5 months to 10 years. One patient had acute myocardial infarction; another underwent CABG after 5 years from disease onset at the age of 15 years. Kitamura operation was performed successfully. The other patients are still under observation.Coronary artery aneurysms and stenosis requiring surgery are rare in KD; nevertheless, CABG is the standard therapy when myocardial ischemia is detected. Kitamura operation provides good growth potential and long-term graft patency.