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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Volumes01:15

Respiratory Volumes

Respiratory volumes are crucial metrics, meticulously measured to quantify the air exchanged in and out of the lungs during various phases of the breathing cycle. These precise measurements are vital for assessing lung function, diagnosing respiratory conditions, and monitoring overall respiratory health. Each parameter provides specific insights into the mechanics of breathing and the functional capacity of the lungs.
Tidal Volume (TV) Tidal volume (TV) is the air inhaled or exhaled in a...
Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change01:26

Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change

Unsoundness in aggregates due to volume changes is primarily caused by the physical alterations aggregates undergo, such as freezing and thawing, thermal changes, and wetting and drying. Unsound aggregates, when subjected to these changes, result in volume change upon disintegration. This, in turn, contributes to the deterioration of concrete, including scaling, pop-outs, and cracking. Particular types of aggregates, such as porous flints, cherts, and those containing clay minerals, are...
Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I01:26

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...
Control Volume and System Representations01:16

Control Volume and System Representations

Two key frameworks are employed to analyze mass, energy, and momentum transfer: the control volume approach and the system approach. These frameworks offer different perspectives, depending on whether the focus is on a specific region in space (control volume approach) or a defined mass of fluid (system approach).
The control volume approach considers a stationary region in space through which fluid flows. This region is bounded by a control surface.  For instance, in the case of water flowing...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Adult and Pediatric Porcine Model of Acute Volume Overload
06:09

Adult and Pediatric Porcine Model of Acute Volume Overload

Published on: January 12, 2024

The volume-outcome debate revisited.

Samuel R G Finlayson1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.

The American Surgeon
|November 24, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Higher provider procedure volume may correlate with better clinical outcomes, but volume-based referrals face challenges. These policies may not directly improve surgical quality and present logistical issues.

Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Surgical Quality Improvement
  • Healthcare Policy

Background:

  • Studies suggest a link between higher provider procedure volume and improved clinical outcomes.
  • Payers and purchasers aim to direct patients to high-volume providers to enhance care quality and reduce costs.
  • Volume-based referral policies face provider resistance due to concerns about unfair discrimination and lack of direct quality assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness and implications of volume-based referral policies in healthcare.
  • To examine the alignment of volume-based referral policies with the interests of patients, providers, and payers.
  • To discuss the limitations and practical challenges of implementing volume-based referral strategies.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Adult and Pediatric Porcine Model of Acute Volume Overload
06:09

Adult and Pediatric Porcine Model of Acute Volume Overload

Published on: January 12, 2024

  • Literature review and analysis of existing studies on provider volume and clinical outcomes.
  • Examination of the rationale and impact of volume-based referral policies.
  • Discussion of alternative measures of surgical quality and policy implementation challenges.

    • Main Results:

    • Volume-based referral policies are often more aligned with payer interests than patient or provider interests.
    • These policies do not directly measure or improve surgical quality.
    • The application of volume-based referrals is limited to a small fraction of surgical care and poses logistical difficulties.

    Conclusions:

    • Volume-based referral policies, while intuitive, present significant limitations and challenges.
    • The direct impact on surgical quality is questionable, and logistical hurdles exist.
    • In the absence of better quality metrics, provider volume may persist as an imperfect proxy in healthcare quality discussions.