Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
ATP Synthase: Mechanism01:48

ATP Synthase: Mechanism

In animals, the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase is the key protein that synthesizes ATP molecules through a complex catalytic mechanism. While the nuclear genome encodes the majority of ATP synthase subunits, the mitochondrial genome encodes some of the enzyme's most critical components. The formation of this multi-subunit enzyme is a complex multi-step process regulated at the level of transcription, translation, and assembly. Defects in one or more of these steps can result in decreased ATP...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Insights into the mechanisms of fibrosis and progressive kidney injury.

Nature reviews. Nephrology·2025
Same author

Aripiprazole, but Not Olanzapine, Alters the Response to Oxidative Stress in Fao Cells by Reducing the Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) and Promoting Cell Survival.

International journal of molecular sciences·2024
Same author

Culture of Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells in Galactose Media Enhances Mitochondrial Plasticity and Changes Redox Sensing, Altering Nrf2 and FOXO3 Levels.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

Metabolism and bioenergetics in the pathophysiology of organ fibrosis.

Free radical biology & medicine·2024
Same author

Intestinal Effects of Filtered Alkalinized Water in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats.

Microorganisms·2024
Same author

Cardiometabolic Changes in Sirtuin1-Heterozygous Mice on High-Fat Diet and Melatonin Supplementation.

International journal of molecular sciences·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Assessing Mitochondrial Function in Sciatic Nerve by High-Resolution Respirometry
08:19

Assessing Mitochondrial Function in Sciatic Nerve by High-Resolution Respirometry

Published on: May 5, 2022

Mitochondrial dysfunction in human pathologies.

María Monsalve1, Sara Borniquel, Inmaculada Valle

  • 1Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain. mmonsalve@cnic.es

Frontiers in Bioscience : a Journal and Virtual Library
|November 28, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondrial dysfunction disrupts cell function and causes disease. This review explores how mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to human pathologies and discusses ROS detoxification mechanisms.

More Related Videos

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
09:40

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

Published on: January 19, 2017

Using Live Cell STED Imaging to Visualize Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Ultrastructure in Neuronal Cell Models
08:48

Using Live Cell STED Imaging to Visualize Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Ultrastructure in Neuronal Cell Models

Published on: June 30, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Assessing Mitochondrial Function in Sciatic Nerve by High-Resolution Respirometry
08:19

Assessing Mitochondrial Function in Sciatic Nerve by High-Resolution Respirometry

Published on: May 5, 2022

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
09:40

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

Published on: January 19, 2017

Using Live Cell STED Imaging to Visualize Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Ultrastructure in Neuronal Cell Models
08:48

Using Live Cell STED Imaging to Visualize Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Ultrastructure in Neuronal Cell Models

Published on: June 30, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Mitochondrial integrity is crucial for cellular life, extending beyond ATP production.
  • Mitochondria are key sites for free radical and nitric oxide production, and are susceptible to oxidative damage.
  • Disruptions in mitochondrial function lead to cellular dysfunction, disease, and death.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding the role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human pathologies.
  • To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial ROS detoxification.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific developments.
  • Analysis of studies on mitochondrial ROS production and its pathological implications.
  • Examination of research on molecular mechanisms of ROS detoxification.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial ROS production is implicated in several major human diseases.
  • Significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis of mitochondrial ROS generation.
  • Advances in understanding ROS detoxification pathways are emerging.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial ROS play a critical role in the pathogenesis of various human diseases.
  • Further research into mitochondrial ROS and their detoxification is vital for developing therapeutic strategies.
  • Understanding these mechanisms can lead to novel treatments for mitochondrial-related diseases.