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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Do distractors interfere with memory for study pairs in associative recognition?

Pierre Perruchet1, Arnaud Rey, Eimeric Hivert

  • 1Université de Bourgogne, LEAD/CNRS, Pole AAFE, Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France. pierre.perruchet@u-bourgogne.fr

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Rearranged distractors in memory tests impair recognition accuracy and speed, even for well-learned information. This retroactive interference highlights issues with certain test formats, like multiple-choice, in evaluating true knowledge.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Memory
  • Learning and Recognition

Background:

  • Distractors in associative recognition tasks often involve rearranged items from study pairs.
  • Processing these rearranged distractors may cause retroactive interference with memory for original study pairs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of rearranged distractors on memory performance in associative recognition.
  • To determine if this interference effect is influenced by the amount of training or the nature of the learned material.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: A yes/no recognition test using arbitrary associations (visual symbols and auditory syllables).
  • Experiment 2: Replication of the interference effect with overlearned small multiplication facts.

Main Results:

  • Rearranged pairs significantly impaired accuracy and response speed for correct pairs.
  • This interference effect was consistent regardless of training duration.
  • The same detrimental effect was observed for overlearned multiplication facts.

Conclusions:

  • Exposure to potentially interfering information negatively impacts memory recall, even when the information is recognized as incorrect.
  • Findings suggest limitations in using certain test formats, such as multiple-choice, for accurate knowledge evaluation due to interference.
  • The study underscores the pervasive nature of retroactive interference in memory processes.