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Related Concept Videos

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs. “eh”). Phonemes combine to...
Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior01:28

Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior

Automatic processing refers to the cognitive operations that occur without conscious intent or awareness, playing a fundamental role in shaping social cognition and behavior. These processes enable individuals to navigate complex social environments efficiently by relying on mental shortcuts and pre-existing knowledge structures known as schemas. One of the most influential mechanisms underlying automatic processing is priming, which subtly activates mental representations through exposure to...
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Concepts and Prototypes01:24

Concepts and Prototypes

The human nervous system handles vast amounts of information by translating sensory stimuli into neural impulses, which the brain processes, creating thoughts expressed through language or stored as memories. The brain also synthesizes information from emotions and memories, which significantly influence thoughts and behaviors. This intricate process creates a comprehensive mental picture.
The brain organizes this information using concepts, which are mental categories grouping linguistic data,...
Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks
08:32

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks

Published on: September 5, 2019

A neurolinguistic model of grammatical construction processing.

Peter Ford Dominey1, Michel Hoen, Toshio Inui

  • 1Institut des Sciences Cognitives, CNRS UMR 5015, Bron Cedex, France. dominey@isc.cnrs.fr

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|November 30, 2006
PubMed
Summary

This study explores how grammatical constructions in language convey meaning, linking psycholinguistics and neurophysiology. The research models construction processing across English, French, and Japanese, focusing on relative clauses.

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Published on: May 9, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Linguistics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Human language effectively communicates meaning through sentence structures.
  • Construction grammar posits a direct link between grammatical constructions and meaning.
  • Understanding language processing requires integrating psycholinguistic and neurophysiological principles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a functional description of grammatical construction processing.
  • To develop a neurophysiological model for grammatical construction processing.
  • To demonstrate the model's feasibility across typologically diverse languages (English, French, Japanese).

Main Methods:

  • Psycholinguistic principles applied to functional description of construction processing.
  • Development of a neurophysiological model for language processing.
  • Computational modeling and simulation of language processing in multiple languages.
  • Analysis of novel compositional structures, specifically relative phrases.

Main Results:

  • A functional description of grammatical construction processing was outlined.
  • A neurophysiological model for implementing these functions was developed.
  • The model demonstrated feasibility in processing English, French, and Japanese, including complex relative phrases.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a psycholinguistically-grounded, neurophysiologically-informed model for grammatical construction processing.
  • The model's cross-linguistic applicability highlights universal aspects of language processing.
  • Findings contribute to understanding the neural basis of meaning construction in language.