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Related Concept Videos

Anatomical Movements00:51

Anatomical Movements

Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist, metacarpophalangeal,...
Muscles that Move the Head01:19

Muscles that Move the Head

The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
Articulations of the Vertebral Column01:28

Articulations of the Vertebral Column

In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition
07:32

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition

Published on: February 23, 2024

[Condylar lateral movements in patients with mandibular deviation].

Ruo-Fang Zhang1, Ding Zhang, Yi Liu

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.

Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi = Zhonghua Kouqiang Yixue Zazhi = Chinese Journal of Stomatology
|November 30, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Patients with mandibular deviation exhibit asymmetric condylar movements, with longer tracings and smaller transverse inclination on the shifted side. This asymmetry correlates with the degree of deviation, impacting both morphology and movement.

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A Postoperative Evaluation Guideline for Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of the Mandible
10:42

A Postoperative Evaluation Guideline for Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of the Mandible

Published on: January 28, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics and Dental Biomechanics
  • Craniomandibular Dynamics
  • Diagnostic Imaging in Dentistry

Context:

  • Mandibular deviation presents complex biomechanical challenges.
  • Accurate assessment of condylar motion is crucial for understanding deviation.
  • Existing methods may not fully capture the nuances of asymmetric condylar behavior.

Purpose:

  • To record and analyze the characteristics of condylar lateral movements in patients with mandibular deviation.
  • To investigate the relationship between the degree of mandibular deviation and condylar movement patterns.
  • To identify specific kinematic differences in condylar pathways during lateral excursions.

Summary:

  • Computer-aided diagnosis axiography (CADIAX III) was employed to record lateral condylar movements in 31 patients with mandibular deviation.
  • Results revealed significant asymmetry in condylar lateral movements, with the shifted side exhibiting longer tracings and smaller transverse inclination compared to the contralateral side.
  • A positive correlation was observed between the degree of mandibular deviation and the asymmetry in condylar movement length, alongside a decrease in contralateral side movement length.

Impact:

  • Mandibular deviation is associated with both morphological and functional asymmetry of the temporomandibular joint.
  • Findings provide quantitative insights into the kinematic alterations accompanying mandibular deviation.
  • This research can inform diagnostic protocols and treatment strategies for patients with mandibular asymmetry.