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Does smoking reduction increase future cessation and decrease disease risk? A qualitative review.

John R Hughes1, Matthew J Carpenter

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA. john.hughes@uvm.edu

Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
|November 30, 2006
PubMed
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Reducing smoking, even for those not ready to quit, promotes future cessation. However, its impact on reducing disease risks remains untested.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Smoking Cessation Research

Background:

  • Many smokers are not interested in quitting but may consider reducing their smoking.
  • The effects of smoking reduction on future cessation attempts and disease risk are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on whether smoking reduction impacts future smoking cessation.
  • To assess if smoking reduction decreases the risk of smoking-related diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic computer searches and other methods were used to identify relevant studies.
  • Included 19 studies on smoking reduction and cessation, and 10 studies on reduction and disease risk.
  • A meta-analysis was not feasible due to study heterogeneity.

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Main Results:

  • None of the 19 studies indicated that smoking reduction undermined future cessation.
  • 16 studies found smoking reduction was associated with increased future cessation.
  • Results for disease risk reduction were conflicting, with no adequate tests.

Conclusions:

  • Smoking reduction appears to increase the likelihood of future cessation.
  • The effect of smoking reduction on decreasing smoking-related disease risks requires further investigation.