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Related Concept Videos

In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
Lethal Alleles02:41

Lethal Alleles

Agouti: A Lethal Allele
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
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Epistasis Analysis01:09

Epistasis Analysis

Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Removal of an Internal Translational Start Site from mRNA While Retaining Expression of the Full-Length Protein
05:48

Removal of an Internal Translational Start Site from mRNA While Retaining Expression of the Full-Length Protein

Published on: March 16, 2022

Generation of conditional Cited2 null alleles.

Jost I Preis1, Natalie Wise, Mark J Solloway

  • 1Developmental Biology Program, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.

Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000)
|November 30, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Conditional null alleles for Cited2 (a transcriptional co-factor) were generated. These tools enable precise study of Cited2

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Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Removal of an Internal Translational Start Site from mRNA While Retaining Expression of the Full-Length Protein
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A New Toolkit for Evaluating Gene Functions using Conditional Cas9 Stabilization
08:20

A New Toolkit for Evaluating Gene Functions using Conditional Cas9 Stabilization

Published on: September 2, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cited2 is a crucial transcriptional co-factor for early embryonic development.
  • Germline Cited2 null embryos exhibit severe developmental defects, including organogenesis and body axis patterning.
  • Understanding Cited2's specific roles in different tissues requires targeted gene inactivation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generate and validate conditional null alleles for the Cited2 gene.
  • To enable Cre-recombinase-mediated somatic cell inactivation of Cited2.
  • To provide tools for dissecting Cited2 function in organ development and embryonic patterning.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of two conditional null alleles for Cited2.
  • Cre-recombinase-mediated somatic cell gene inactivation.
  • Crossing conditional mutants with CMV-Cre transgenic mice.
  • Analysis of lacZ expression under the Cited2 promoter.

Main Results:

  • Conditional Cited2 alleles allow for viable and fertile heterozygous/homozygous mice.
  • Somatic deletion of Cited2 using CMV-Cre recapitulates the embryonic-lethal phenotype of germline null mutants.
  • Conditional deletion effectively drives lacZ expression, indicating promoter activity.

Conclusions:

  • The generated conditional null alleles are effective genetic tools for studying Cited2.
  • These alleles facilitate the dissection of Cited2's function in specific organs and developmental processes.
  • The tools allow for temporal and spatial control of Cited2 gene inactivation during embryogenesis.