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Related Concept Videos

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
Gas Chromatography: Types of Columns and Stationary Phases01:17

Gas Chromatography: Types of Columns and Stationary Phases

Gas chromatography (GC) relies on stationary phases to separate and analyze components in a sample. There are two main types of stationary phases: liquid and solid. Liquid stationary phases are non-volatile, thermally stable, and chemically inert liquids coated onto the column. Solid stationary phases are particles of adsorbent material, such as silica gel or molecular sieves.
For an analyte to remain on the column for a sufficient amount of time, it must exhibit some level of compatibility (or...
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:17

Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

The stereochemistry of electrocyclic reactions is strongly influenced by the orbital symmetry of the polyene HOMO. Under thermal conditions, the reaction proceeds via the ground-state HOMO.
Selection Rules: Thermal Activation
Conjugated systems containing an even number of π-electron pairs undergo a conrotatory ring closure. For example, thermal electrocyclization of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadiene, a conjugated diene containing two π-electron pairs, gives trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...

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Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
10:37

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Published on: January 9, 2014

Recent progress in polar stationary phases for CEC.

Junjie Ou1, Jing Dong, Xiaoli Dong

  • 1National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.

Electrophoresis
|December 1, 2006
PubMed
Summary

This review covers recent advances in polar stationary phases for capillary electrophoresis (CE). Developments in packed, open-tubular (o-CEC), and monolithic columns are highlighted, focusing on new applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful separation technique.
  • Polar stationary phases are crucial for specific analyte separations in CE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent developments in polar stationary phases for CE since 2004.
  • To highlight advancements in packing column, open-tubular (o-CEC), and monolithic column CE.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications since 2004.
  • Analysis of preparation and application of various polar stationary phases.
  • Focus on biomolecule-ligand immobilization in o-CEC and inorganic monoliths.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in polar stationary phase preparation and application.
  • Open-tubular CE (o-CEC) shows promise with biomolecular ligands.
  • Inorganic monolithic columns offer a viable alternative to packed columns.

Conclusions:

  • Polar stationary phases continue to evolve, enhancing CE separation capabilities.
  • o-CEC and monolithic columns represent key areas of innovation in CE technology.