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Related Concept Videos

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease01:25

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the backward flow of stomach contents (acid, pepsin, or bile) into the esophagus, causing mucosal inflammation known as esophagitis. It results from failure of antireflux mechanisms, mainly the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), influenced by mechanical and physiological factors.Etiology and Risk FactorsGERD develops when LES function is weakened or when intra-abdominal pressure increases. Risk factors include aging, obesity, and sliding hiatal hernia,...
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors01:22

Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors

Peptic ulcers are sores on the stomach's inner lining and the upper small intestine, which are the result of disruptions in the mucosal layer that houses parietal cells which produce gastric acid, and chief cells which secrete pepsinogen.
In the antrum region, G cells secrete the gastrin hormone that binds to gastrin-cholecystokinin-B (CCK2) receptors on parietal and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the fundic glands. Simultaneously, the vagus nerve releases acetylcholine, which binds to M3...
Gastritis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Gastritis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...

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[Iron deficiency syndromes and their correction with nutritional support in elderly patients with colo-rectal cancer.]

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[NERVOUS REGULATION OF BILIARY TRACT MOTILITY].

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[HEREDITARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS (clinical observations)].

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THE INCIDENCE OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY RESISTANCE TO THE ANTI-CYTOKINE THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE.

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CLINICAL STUDY OF THE EFFICACY OF NATURAL MINERAL WATER "BORJOMI" IN PATIENTS WITH FUNCTIONAL DYSPEPSIA.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Surgical Models of Gastroesophageal Reflux with Mice
05:19

Surgical Models of Gastroesophageal Reflux with Mice

Published on: August 25, 2015

[Gastroesophageal reflux disease pathogenesis].

L B Lazebnik, A E Lychkova

    Uspekhi Fiziologicheskikh Nauk
    |December 5, 2006
    PubMed
    Summary

    Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) involves vagal nerve stimulation affecting stomach and esophageal motility. This study explores the roles of serotonin, nitric oxide, and immune factors in GERD pathophysiology.

    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology
    • Physiology
    • Immunology

    Context:

    • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disorder with complex underlying mechanisms.
    • Understanding the pathophysiology of GERD is crucial for developing effective treatments.

    Purpose:

    • To elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of GERD.
    • To investigate the role of vagal stimulation, serotonin, and other bioactive substances in GERD.
    • To highlight the involvement of immune system components in GERD.

    Summary:

    • GERD pathophysiology involves vagal stimulation impacting upper stomach and esophageal motor activity.
    • Serotonin plays a significant role, alongside nitric oxide, cholecystokinin, prostaglandins, and epidermal growth factor.
    • The study also examines the involvement of interleukins, adhesive molecules, and other immune components in GERD.

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    Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring
    06:46

    Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring

    Published on: December 14, 2020

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

    Surgical Models of Gastroesophageal Reflux with Mice
    05:19

    Surgical Models of Gastroesophageal Reflux with Mice

    Published on: August 25, 2015

    Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring
    06:46

    Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring

    Published on: December 14, 2020

    Impact:

    • Provides insights into the complex interplay of neural, chemical, and immune factors in GERD.
    • May inform the development of targeted therapies for GERD.
    • Contributes to a deeper understanding of esophageal and gastric motility disorders.