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Laxatives are primarily used to alleviate constipation, a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by infrequent bowel movements and difficulty passing stools. They work by various mechanisms to increase the volume or frequency of bowel movements. The primary modes of action of laxatives include increasing stool bulk, softening the stool, stimulating intestinal motility, and osmotically drawing water into the intestines.
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Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
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What is a Nervous System?01:25

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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Serotonin Receptor Agonists01:23

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Serotonin, a crucial neurotransmitter synthesized by enterochromaffin cells, plays a cardinal role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility. With over 90% of the body's total serotonin in the GI tract, its influence on digestive processes is profound. Serotonin is swiftly released upon various stimuli, such as food boluses or certain drugs, triggering intrinsic sensory neurons in the myenteric plexus and extrinsic vagal and spinal sensory neurons. This leads to the activation of the...
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Diarrhea, a condition marked by frequent loose or watery bowel movements, can be triggered by multiple factors such as viral or bacterial infections, food intolerances, anxiety, medications, and digestive disorders. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and cramping. Severe or prolonged diarrhea can lead to complications like electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition, and dehydration if left untreated.
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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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[Iron deficiency syndromes and their correction with nutritional support in elderly patients with colo-rectal cancer.]

Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii·2019
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THE ROLE OF BILE ACIDS IN THE REGULATION OF LIPID AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN PATIENTS WITH NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE AND DIABETES TYPE2.

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[SEROTONERGIC REGULATION OF IMMUNITY. PART I].

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Using a Whole-mount Immunohistochemical Method to Study the Innervation of the Biliary Tract in Suncus murinus
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[NERVOUS REGULATION OF BILIARY TRACT MOTILITY].

A M Puzikov, A E Lychkova

    Eksperimental'Naia I Klinicheskaia Gastroenterologiia = Experimental & Clinical Gastroenterology
    |October 5, 2018
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The autonomic nervous system regulates biliary tract motility. Vagal nerve stimulation inhibits sphincter of Oddi, while stimulating gallbladder and sphincter via serotonergic neurons.

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    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology
    • Neurogastroenterology
    • Autonomic Nervous System Physiology

    Background:

    • Biliary tract motility is crucial for digestion.
    • The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a key role in regulating gastrointestinal functions.
    • Understanding the specific neural pathways involved in biliary motility is essential for diagnosing and treating related disorders.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of biliary tract motility by the autonomic nervous system.
    • To elucidate the neural pathways controlling gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi activity.

    Main Methods:

    • Experiments were conducted on rabbits and chinchillas.
    • Electromotor activity (EMA) of the gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi was recorded.
    • Nerve irritation was performed using controlled electrical stimulation.

    Main Results:

    • Vagal nerve stimulation was found to inhibit sphincter of Oddi motility.
    • The mechanism of vagal inhibition involves intramural adrenergic neurons connected to parasympathetic fibers.
    • Stimulation of the biliary tract by the vagus nerve involves serotonergic intramural neurons acting on serotonin receptors.

    Conclusions:

    • The autonomic nervous system exerts differential control over biliary tract motility.
    • Specific neural pathways, including adrenergic and serotonergic neurons, mediate these regulatory effects.
    • This study provides insights into the neurophysiological control of the biliary system.