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[SEROTONERGIC REGULATION OF IMMUNITY. PART I].

A A Terentev, A E Lychkova, A N Kazimirsky

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Serotonin (5-HT) significantly impacts immune cells in the digestive tract through various receptor and non-receptor pathways. Understanding these serotonin pathways is crucial for modulating immune responses.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Neuroscience
    • Gastroenterology

    Context:

    • Serotonin (5-HT) plays a critical role in regulating immune function, particularly within the digestive tract.
    • The intricate mechanisms of 5-HT synthesis, metabolism, and catabolism are essential for its biological activity.
    • Immune cells, including neutrophils, eosinophils, leukocytes, monocytes, and dendritic cells, are key targets of peripheral serotonin.

    Purpose:

    • To review the multifaceted influence of serotonin (5-HT), its transporter (SERT), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) on immune function.
    • To characterize the synthesis, metabolism, and catabolism of 5-HT.
    • To elucidate the receptor-mediated and non-receptor-mediated mechanisms by which peripheral serotonin affects immunoactive cells.

    Summary:

    • Peripheral serotonin interacts with immunoactive cells via multiple serotonin receptor subtypes (e.g., 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT3, 5-HT4, 5-HT7).
    • Activation of these receptors modulates the release of key immune mediators like TNF-α and interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8/CXCL8, IL-12p40).
    • Non-receptor pathways involving SERT, tryptophan hydroxylase-1, and NF-κB also contribute to serotonin's immunomodulatory effects, with NF-κB targeting cytokine genes. Cooperation between receptor and non-receptor pathways, involving 5-HT1A and 5-HT3 receptors, highlights the complexity of serotonin's actions.

    Impact:

    • This review highlights the diverse mechanisms through which peripheral serotonin influences the body's immune function, particularly in the gut.
    • Understanding these pathways provides insights into potential therapeutic targets for immune-related disorders.
    • The findings underscore the significant role of the gut-brain axis in immune system regulation.