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Related Experiment Videos

Reflectance study of compressed paper.

Antti Oksman1, Raimo Silvennoinen, Kai-Erik Peiponen

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland. oksman@joensuu.fi

Applied Spectroscopy
|December 5, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Paper reflectance decreases under pressure, causing dark patterns due to contact. This optical contact, influenced by paper structure, shows an exponential relationship between reflectance and pressure for fine and super-calendered papers.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optical Engineering
  • Paper Physics

Background:

  • Paper's optical properties are crucial for its application and quality assessment.
  • Understanding how physical interactions affect paper's reflectance is essential for material characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of applied pressure on the reflectance of different paper grades.
  • To analyze the formation and characteristics of dark patterns observed under pressure.
  • To determine the relationship between pressure, paper structure, and spectral reflectance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a pressure gauge, an imaging system, and a spectrophotometer to measure paper reflectance.
  • Applied varying levels of pressure to three different paper grades.

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  • Recorded spectral reflectance as a function of wavelength and applied pressure.

    • Main Results:

    • Dark-colored areas, or patterns, emerged on paper surfaces under high pressure.
    • The area of these dark patterns increased proportionally with applied pressure.
    • Reflectance measurements confirmed these patterns resulted from paper-probe contact, with reflectance decreasing as pressure increased across all paper grades.
    • Fine and super-calendered (SC) papers exhibited an exponential dependence of total reflectance on applied pressure at constant illumination wavelengths.

    Conclusions:

    • Applied pressure significantly alters paper's optical reflectance, leading to observable dark patterns.
    • The extent of optical contact and resulting reflectance changes are influenced by paper's structural properties like roughness, formation, and compressibility.
    • A consistent exponential relationship exists between pressure and reflectance for fine and SC papers, highlighting a predictable optical response to mechanical stress.